@article {119,
	title = {Identification of Required Host Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Cells.},
	journal = {Cell},
	volume = {184},
	year = {2021},
	month = {2021 01 07},
	pages = {92-105.e16},
	abstract = {<p>To better understand host-virus genetic dependencies and find potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19, we performed a genome-scale CRISPR loss-of-function screen to identify host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection of human alveolar epithelial cells. Top-ranked genes cluster into distinct pathways, including the vacuolar ATPase proton pump, Retromer, and Commander complexes. We validate these gene targets using several orthogonal methods such as CRISPR knockout, RNA interference knockdown, and small-molecule inhibitors. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we identify shared transcriptional changes in cholesterol biosynthesis upon loss of top-ranked genes. In addition, given the key role of the ACE2 receptor in the early stages of viral entry, we show that loss of RAB7A reduces viral entry by sequestering the ACE2 receptor inside cells. Overall, this work provides a genome-scale, quantitative resource of the impact of the loss of each host gene on fitness/response to viral infection.</p>},
	keywords = {A549 Cells, Alveolar Epithelial Cells, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Biosynthetic Pathways, Cholesterol, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, COVID-19, Endosomes, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Gene Knockout Techniques, Genome-Wide Association Study, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, rab GTP-Binding Proteins, rab7 GTP-Binding Proteins, RNA Interference, SARS-CoV-2, Single-Cell Analysis, Viral Load},
	issn = {1097-4172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.030},
	author = {Daniloski, Zharko and Jordan, Tristan X and Wessels, Hans-Hermann and Hoagland, Daisy A and Kasela, Silva and Legut, Mateusz and Maniatis, Silas and Mimitou, Eleni P and Lu, Lu and Geller, Evan and Danziger, Oded and Rosenberg, Brad R and Phatnani, Hemali and Smibert, Peter and Lappalainen, Tuuli and tenOever, Benjamin R and Sanjana, Neville E}
}
@article {93,
	title = {Large-Scale Exome Sequencing Study Implicates Both Developmental and Functional Changes in the Neurobiology of Autism.},
	journal = {Cell},
	volume = {180},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020 02 06},
	pages = {568-584.e23},
	abstract = {<p>We present the largest exome sequencing study of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to date (n~= 35,584 total samples, 11,986 with ASD). Using an enhanced analytical framework to integrate de novo and case-control rare variation, we identify 102 risk genes at a false discovery rate of 0.1 or less. Of these genes, 49 show higher frequencies of disruptive de novo variants in individuals ascertained to have severe neurodevelopmental delay, whereas 53 show higher frequencies in individuals ascertained to have ASD; comparing ASD cases with mutations in these groups reveals phenotypic differences. Expressed early in brain development, most risk genes have roles in regulation of gene expression or neuronal communication (i.e., mutations effect neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological changes), and 13 fall within loci recurrently hit by copy number variants. In cells from the human cortex, expression of risk genes is enriched in excitatory and inhibitory neuronal lineages, consistent with multiple paths to an excitatory-inhibitory imbalance underlying ASD.</p>},
	keywords = {Autistic Disorder, Case-Control Studies, Cell Lineage, Cerebral Cortex, Cohort Studies, Exome, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Mutation, Missense, Neurobiology, Neurons, Phenotype, Sex Factors, Single-Cell Analysis, Whole Exome Sequencing},
	issn = {1097-4172},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.036},
	author = {Satterstrom, F Kyle and Kosmicki, Jack A and Wang, Jiebiao and Breen, Michael S and De Rubeis, Silvia and An, Joon-Yong and Peng, Minshi and Collins, Ryan and Grove, Jakob and Klei, Lambertus and Stevens, Christine and Reichert, Jennifer and Mulhern, Maureen S and Artomov, Mykyta and Gerges, Sherif and Sheppard, Brooke and Xu, Xinyi and Bhaduri, Aparna and Norman, Utku and Brand, Harrison and Schwartz, Grace and Nguyen, Rachel and Guerrero, Elizabeth E and Dias, Caroline and Betancur, Catalina and Cook, Edwin H and Gallagher, Louise and Gill, Michael and Sutcliffe, James S and Thurm, Audrey and Zwick, Michael E and B{\o}rglum, Anders D and State, Matthew W and Cicek, A Ercument and Talkowski, Michael E and Cutler, David J and Devlin, Bernie and Sanders, Stephan J and Roeder, Kathryn and Daly, Mark J and Buxbaum, Joseph D}
}
