@article {119, title = {Identification of Required Host Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Cells.}, journal = {Cell}, volume = {184}, year = {2021}, month = {2021 01 07}, pages = {92-105.e16}, abstract = {

To better understand host-virus genetic dependencies and find potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19, we performed a genome-scale CRISPR loss-of-function screen to identify host factors required for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection of human alveolar epithelial cells. Top-ranked genes cluster into distinct pathways, including the vacuolar ATPase proton pump, Retromer, and Commander complexes. We validate these gene targets using several orthogonal methods such as CRISPR knockout, RNA interference knockdown, and small-molecule inhibitors. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we identify shared transcriptional changes in cholesterol biosynthesis upon loss of top-ranked genes. In addition, given the key role of the ACE2 receptor in the early stages of viral entry, we show that loss of RAB7A reduces viral entry by sequestering the ACE2 receptor inside cells. Overall, this work provides a genome-scale, quantitative resource of the impact of the loss of each host gene on fitness/response to viral infection.

}, keywords = {A549 Cells, Alveolar Epithelial Cells, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Biosynthetic Pathways, Cholesterol, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, COVID-19, Endosomes, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Gene Knockout Techniques, Genome-Wide Association Study, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, rab GTP-Binding Proteins, rab7 GTP-Binding Proteins, RNA Interference, SARS-CoV-2, Single-Cell Analysis, Viral Load}, issn = {1097-4172}, doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.030}, author = {Daniloski, Zharko and Jordan, Tristan X and Wessels, Hans-Hermann and Hoagland, Daisy A and Kasela, Silva and Legut, Mateusz and Maniatis, Silas and Mimitou, Eleni P and Lu, Lu and Geller, Evan and Danziger, Oded and Rosenberg, Brad R and Phatnani, Hemali and Smibert, Peter and Lappalainen, Tuuli and tenOever, Benjamin R and Sanjana, Neville E} } @article {47, title = {Cell type-specific CLIP reveals that NOVA regulates cytoskeleton interactions in motoneurons.}, journal = {Genome Biol}, volume = {19}, year = {2018}, month = {2018 08 15}, pages = {117}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Alternative RNA processing plays an essential role in shaping cell identity and connectivity in the central nervous system. This is believed to involve differential regulation of RNA processing in various cell types. However, in vivo study of cell type-specific post-transcriptional regulation has been a challenge. Here, we describe a sensitive and stringent method combining genetics and CLIP (crosslinking and immunoprecipitation) to globally identify regulatory interactions between NOVA and RNA in the mouse spinal cord motoneurons.

RESULTS: We developed a means of undertaking motoneuron-specific CLIP to explore motoneuron-specific protein-RNA interactions relative to studies of the whole spinal cord in mouse. This allowed us to pinpoint differential RNA regulation specific to motoneurons, revealing a major role for NOVA in regulating cytoskeleton interactions in motoneurons. In particular, NOVA specifically promotes the palmitoylated isoform of the cytoskeleton protein Septin 8 in motoneurons, which enhances dendritic arborization.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that cell type-specific RNA regulation is important for fine tuning motoneuron physiology and highlights the value of defining RNA processing regulation at single cell type resolution.

}, keywords = {Alternative Splicing, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Cercopithecus aethiops, Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial, COS Cells, Cross-Linking Reagents, Cytoskeleton, Dendrites, Exons, Immunoprecipitation, Lipoylation, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Motor Neurons, Nerve Tissue Proteins, NIH 3T3 Cells, Pseudopodia, RNA, RNA-Binding Proteins, Septins, Transcriptome}, issn = {1474-760X}, doi = {10.1186/s13059-018-1493-2}, author = {Yuan, Yuan and Xie, Shirley and Darnell, Jennifer C and Darnell, Andrew J and Saito, Yuhki and Phatnani, Hemali and Murphy, Elisabeth A and Zhang, Chaolin and Maniatis, Tom and Darnell, Robert B} }